Correctly Distinguish and Label Images and Figures
Images are aesthetic, but they are not necessary for instruction. Figures are necessary for instruction and might include graphics, charts, graphs, maps, drawings, and any other visual elements that provides examples or explanations that cannot be conveyed in words alone.
Images
- Are often used to break up long sections of manuscript text or add visual interest
- Are not integral to instruction. If an image is removed, the instructional meaning of the content is not changed or impacted in any way.
- Do not need to be referenced in the text.
- Should not include text.
- Do not have captions.
- Can reflect a general theme, place, or concept.
- Can depict individuals mentioned in the text.
- Images include
- Stock photos
- Photographic images
- Chapter openers
- Scenic imagery
Figures
- Are visual and/or graphic in nature. They are not word-based (such as a list).
- Have captions.
- Illustrate an educational concept.
- Should be referenced in the text.
- Convey specific information for students to consider or analyze.
- Demonstrate a process visually.
- Figures include:
- Infographics/graphics
- These will include labels.
- Charts
- Graphs
- Anatomical drawings/line drawings
- Screenshots
- Works of art or visual works discussed in the text.
- Infographics/graphics
Emojis are a challenge, and not only in terms of accessibility. Screenshot emojis (such as those from Apple Messages and X) are subject to copyright restrictions and may require permission from the copyright holder and/or permissions fees. Unicode emojis can be used very sparingly. The meaning of any emoji may vary based on context or audience. Try to avoid using emojis for stylistic reasons. Use even approved emojis as little as possible.
Icons cannot be used alone. A screen reader will simply name the icon if it is paired with alt text (light bulb, question mark), but it will not interpret the symbolic meaning. If you think an icon is truly necessary, each icon must be paired with a label that conveys its meaning. See the examples below.
Think About It!
Guiding Questions
Important Reminders
If you are writing commentary, analysis, or anything beyond what is purely descriptive, this writing should be in the main body, not in a caption.
Be sure to use [insert tags] to tell us where you want each image or figure placed. The production team will use the [insert tags] to correctly place and structure your figures, numbers, and captions to be screen reader accessible.
In the [insert tags], always number your figures and images. The screen reader will also read these important numbers. The chapter number comes first. The visual element’s place in the sequence of those elements is next.
For example:
- Chapter 5 includes 8 images. You are noting the third image in that sequence. Your insert tag will look like this: [Insert image 5.3]
- Chapter 13 includes 7 figures. You are noting the seventh figure in that sequence. Your insert tag will look like this: [Insert Figure 13.7]
We know this is a lot of detailed information. To make things as easy as possible, if you are working with a custom template, we can include placeholder [insert tags] for you to copy and paste as needed. They will look like this: [Insert image #.#] AND [Insert figure #.#].
Make sure the numbers in the [insert tag] match the numbers on your image log spreadsheet to facilitate correct placement and licensing review.
Note that both figures and images can add to the cost of the book. Please prioritize figures, since they are included to support learning, rather than to enhance aesthetic appeal.
Accessibility Topics
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