How Can a Question Activate Schema?

Some questions help students tap into knowledge they already have that can prepare them to learn new skills and acquire new knowledge. A common example of this is often found in math textbooks (at any level), where the first activity in a chapter asks students to solve equations using skills from earlier chapters. If they solve the equations with confidence, they have the necessary skills to move on. If they cannot solve the equations, they need to review.

Other questions are conversational in style, but also serve to activate schema and prepare students for new information/skills/learning.

Examples

  • Are you attending a university near your home, or did you travel to attend your university?
  • What factors attracted you to this university?
  • After your graduate, will you search for a job in this area, or are you willing to relocate?

By answering these questions, students are actually identifying what geographers call “push” and “pull” factors in patterns of human relocation. The students have thought about and experienced these factors without knowing the terms. Their personal experience will help the terms and the concept resonate and be remembered.

How Can a Question Spark Reflection?

Reflection questions allow students to do the kind of inward thinking than can lead to deeper understanding of diverse points of view and experiences, prepare them for challenging topics, themes, and discussions, or connect things to their own lives and experiences without the burden of being “right” or exposing themselves in class.

Examples

  • In this chapter we are going to study ways to respond to students when they answer incorrectly in front of the class. We are going to learn specific methods for enlisting peer support and encouragement, and specific responses to avoid because they have potentially long-term negative impacts on the student. Take a few minutes to respond to the questions below. Write your responses in your reflection journal.
  • Think back to a moment in class when you felt publicly embarrassed or lacking in some way.
  • Did others know how you were feeling?
  • How did these feelings and this experience affect your participation in class? Other than knowing the “right” answer, if you could change one thing about the situation, what would you change?